Born on September 26

Davies, Arthur B(owen)

Davies, Arthur B(owen) (b. Sept. 26, 1862, Utica, N.Y., U.S.--d. Oct. 24, 1928, Florence), U.S. painter, printmaker, and tapestry designer known for his idylls of classical fantasy painted in a Romantic style but best remembered for his leadership in introducing modern European painting styles into early 20th-century America.

McCay, Winsor

McCay, Winsor (b. Sept. 26, 1869, Spring Lake, Mich., U.S.--d. July 26, 1934), American artist who was a pioneer of cartoon films.

Reichenbach, Hans

Reichenbach, Hans (b. Sept. 26, 1891, Hamburg, Ger.--d. April 9, 1953, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.), philosopher and educator (University of Berlin; University of California) who was a leading representative of the Vienna Circle and founder of the Berlin school of logical positivism, a movement that viewed logical statements as revealing only the basic structure of a priori mental categories and language. He contributed significantly to logical interpretations of probability theories, theories of induction, and the philosophical bases of science. He went to the United States in 1938, where he helped edit the Journal of Unified Science (formerly Erkenntnis [German: "Perception"]), and wrote Elements of Symbolic Logic (1947) and The Rise of Scientific Philosophy (1951).

Hansteen, Christopher

Hansteen, Christopher (b. Sept. 26, 1784, Christiania [now Oslo], Nor.--d. April 15, 1873, Christiania), Norwegian astronomer and physicist noted for his research in geomagnetism.

Gervais, (Francois-Louis-) Paul

Gervais, (François-Louis-) Paul (b. Sept. 26, 1816, Paris--d. Feb. 10, 1879, Paris), paleontologist and zoologist who succeeded Georges Cuvier and Henri de Blainville as principal French contributor to vertebrate paleontology.

Proust, Joseph-Louis

Proust, Joseph-Louis (b. Sept. 26, 1754, Angers, Fr.--d. July 5, 1826, Angers), French chemist who proved (1808) that the relative quantities of any given pure chemical compound's constituent elements remain invariant, regardless of the compound's source, and thus provided crucial evidence in support of John Dalton's "law of definite proportions," which holds that elements in any compound are present in fixed proportion by weight.

Furphy, Joseph

Furphy, Joseph, pseudonym TOM COLLINS (b. Sept. 26, 1843, Yering, near Yarra Glen, Vic., Australia--d. Sept. 13, 1912, Claremont, W. Aus., Australia), Australian author whose novels combine an acute sense of local Australian life and colour with the eclectic philosophy and literary ideas of a self-taught workingman.

Munch, Charles

Munch, Charles (b. Sept. 26, 1891, Strassburg, Ger.--d. Nov. 6, 1968, Richmond, Va., U.S.), conductor known for his interpretations of works by Brahms, Debussy, and Ravel.

Vidyasagar, Isvar Chandra

Vidyasagar, Isvar Chandra, also spelled ISVARCANDRA BIDYASAGAR (b. Sept. 26, 1820, Birsingha, Midnapore district, India--d. July 29, 1891), Indian educator and social reformer, considered the father of Bengali prose.

Cortot, Alfred-Denis

Cortot, Alfred-Denis (b. Sept. 26, 1877, Nyon, Switz.--d. June 15, 1962, Lausanne), conductor, teacher, and one of the outstanding French pianists of the 20th century, known especially for his interpretations of the later Romantic composers.

Anastasia, Albert

Anastasia, Albert, original name UMBERTO ANASTASIO (b. Sept. 26, 1902, Tropea, Italy--d. Oct. 25, 1957, New York City), major American gangster.

Sibiryakov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich

Sibiryakov, Aleksandr Mikhaylovich, Sibiryakov also spelled SIBIRIAKOV (b. Sept. 26 [Oct. 8, New Style], 1849, Irkutsk, Siberia, Russian Empire--d. 1893), Russian gold-mine proprietor, who was noted for both his financing of explorations in Siberia and for his own expeditions in the area.

Hill, A(rchibald) V(ivian)

Hill, A(rchibald) V(ivian) (b. Sept. 26, 1886, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Eng.--d. June 3, 1977, Cambridge), British physiologist and biophysicist, who received (with Otto Meyerhof) the 1922 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning the production of heat in muscles, which helped establish the origin of muscular force in the breakdown of carbohydrates with formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

Senior, Nassau William

Senior, Nassau William, (b. Sept. 26, 1790, Compton Beauchamp, Berkshire, Eng.--d. June 4, 1864, London), British classical economist who exercised much influence in the political affairs of his day.

Lynd, Robert (Staughton); and Lynd, Helen

Lynd, Robert (Staughton); and Lynd, Helen, Helen Lynd née MERRELL (respectively b. Sept. 26, 1892, New Albany, Ind., U.S.--d. Nov. 1, 1970, Warren, Conn.; b. March 17, 1894, La Grange, Ill.--d. Jan. 30, 1982, Warren, Ohio), American sociologists, husband and wife who collaborated on the Middletown books, which became classics of sociological literature as well as popular successes. They are said to have been the first to apply the methods of cultural anthropology to the study of a modern Western city.

Delacour, Jean Theodore

Delacour, Jean Theodore (b. Sept. 26, 1890, Paris, Fr.--d. Nov. 5, 1985, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.), French-American aviculturist known for discovering and rearing some of the world's rarest birds.

Bacheller, Irving (Addison)

Bacheller, Irving (Addison) (b. Sept. 26, 1859, Pierpont, N.Y., U.S.--d. Feb. 24, 1950, White Plains, N.Y.), journalist and novelist whose books, generally set in upper New York State, are humorous and full of penetrating character delineations, especially of rural types.

Bhely-Quenum, Olympe

Bhêly-Quénum, Olympe (b. Sept. 26, 1928, Donukpa, Dahomey [now Benin]), African French-language novelist, journalist, and short-story writer.

Bradlaugh, Charles

Bradlaugh, Charles (b. Sept. 26, 1833, London--d. Jan. 30, 1891, London), British radical and atheist, a freethinker in the tradition of Voltaire and Thomas Paine, prominent throughout most of the second half of the 19th century for his championship of individual liberties.

Pastorius, Francis Daniel

Pastorius, Francis Daniel (b. Sept. 26, 1651, Sommerhausen, Bavaria [Germany]--d. c. Jan. 1, 1720, Germantown, Pa. [now U.S.]), German educator, humanitarian, author, and public official who helped settle Pennsylvania and was founder of Germantown, Pa.

Wallis, Sir Barnes (Neville)

Wallis, Sir Barnes (Neville) (b. Sept. 26, 1887--d. Oct. 30, 1979, Leatherhead, Surrey, Eng.), British aeronautical designer and military engineer who invented the innovative "dambuster" bombs used in World War II.

Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Freiherr von

Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Freiherr von (baron of) (b. Sept. 26, 1723, Ratisbon--d. Dec. 19, 1807, Gotha, Saxe-Gotha), critic of German descent who played an important part in the spread of 18th-century French culture throughout Europe.

Brown, Harrison (Scott)

Brown, Harrison (Scott) (b. Sept. 26, 1917, Sheridan, Wyo., U.S.--d. Dec. 8, 1986, Albuquerque, N.M.), American geochemist known for his role in isolating plutonium for its use in the first atomic bombs and for his studies regarding meteorites and the Earth's origin.

Feng Yu-hsiang

Feng Yü-hsiang, Pinyin FENG YUXIANG (b. Sept. 26, 1882, Hsing-chi-chen, Chihli [now in Hopeh province], China--d. Sept. 1, 1948), Chinese warlord, known as the Christian General, who dominated parts of North China from 1918 to 1930.

Okubo Toshimichi

Okubo Toshimichi (b. Sept. 26, 1830, Kagoshima, Japan--d. May 14, 1878, Tokyo), Japanese politician and one of the samurai leaders who in 1868 overthrew the Tokugawa family, which had ruled Japan for 264 years, and restored the government of the emperor. After the Meiji Restoration he spent much of his career helping to establish Japan as a progressive nation.

Chapman, John

Chapman, John, byname JOHNNY APPLESEED (b. Sept. 26, 1774, Leominster, Mass.--d. March 18?, 1845, near Fort Wayne, Ind., U.S.), missionary nurseryman of the North American frontier who helped prepare the way for 19th-century pioneers by supplying apple-tree nursery stock throughout the Middle West.

.Christian X

.Christian X (b. Sept. 26, 1870, Charlottenlund, Den.--d. April 20, 1947, Copenhagen), king of Denmark (1912-47) who symbolized the nation's resistance to the German occupation during World War II.

Czernin, Ottokar, Count

Czernin, Ottokar, Count (Graf), in full OTTOKAR, COUNT CZERNIN VON UND ZU CHUDENITZ (b. Sept. 26, 1872, Dimokur, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Dymokury, Czech Republic]--d. April 4, 1932, Vienna, Austria), foreign minister of Austria-Hungary (1916-18), whose efforts to disengage his country from its participation in World War I failed to prevent the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918.

Blunt, Anthony (Frederick)

Blunt, Anthony (Frederick), also called (1956-79) SIR ANTHONY BLUNT (b. Sept. 26, 1907, Bournemouth, Hampshire, Eng.--d. March 26, 1983, London), British art historian who late in his life was revealed to have been a Soviet spy.

Yorck von Wartenburg, Johann (David Ludwig), Graf

Yorck von Wartenburg, Johann (David Ludwig), Graf (count), Yorck also spelled YORK, Johann also rendered HANS (b. Sept. 26, 1759, Potsdam, Prussia [now in Germany]--d. Oct. 4, 1830, Klein-Öls, Silesia [now Olesnica, Pol.]), Prussian field marshal, reformer, and successful commander during the Wars of Liberation (1813-15) against France. His initiative in signing a separate neutrality agreement with Russia during the Napoleonic invasion of that country (Convention of Tauroggen, 1812) opened the way for Prussia to join the Allied powers against Napoleon.

Temple, Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl, VISCOUNT COBHAM, BARON COBHAM

Temple, Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl, V ISCOUNT COBHAM, BARON C OBHAM, original name RICHARD GRENVILLE (b. Sept. 26, 1711, London, Eng.--d. Sept. 12, 1779, Stowe, near Buckingham, Buckinghamshire), English statesman, the brother-in-law of William Pitt, under whom he served as first lord of the Admiralty.

Hine, Lewis Wickes

Hine, Lewis Wickes (b. Sept. 26, 1874, Oshkosh, Wis., U.S.--d. Nov. 3, 1940, Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.), American photographer who used his art to bring social ills to public attention.

Ekwensi, Cyprian (Odiatu Duaka)

Ekwensi, Cyprian (Odiatu Duaka) (b. Sept. 26, 1921, Minna, Nigeria), Ibo novelist, short-story writer, and children's author whose strength lies in his realistic depiction of the forces that have shaped the African city dweller.

Gericault, (Jean-Louis-Andre-)Theodore

Géricault, (Jean-Louis-André-)Théodore (b. Sept. 26, 1791, Rouen, Fr.--d. Jan. 26, 1824, Paris), painter who exerted a seminal influence on the development of Romantic art in France. Géricault was a fashionable dandy and an avid horseman whose dramatic paintings reflect his colourful, energetic, and somewhat morbid personality.

Brooke RAJ

Brooke RAJ (1841-1946), dynasty of British rajas that ruled Sarawak (now a state in Malaysia) on the island of Borneo for a century.

Gershwin, George

Gershwin, George, original name JACOB GERSHVIN (b. Sept. 26, 1898, East New York [now in Brooklyn], N.Y., U.S.--d. July 11, 1937, Hollywood, Calif.), one of the most significant and popular of American composers. His primary field was the Broadway musical theatre, but important as well are his compositions in which the techniques and forms of art music are blended in varying degrees with the stylistic nuances and techniques of popular music and jazz.

Mendelssohn, Moses

Mendelssohn, Moses (b. Sept. 26, 1729, Dessau, Anhalt [Germany]--d. Jan. 4, 1786, Berlin, Prussia), German-Jewish philosopher, critic, and Bible translator and commentator who greatly contributed to the efforts of Jews to assimilate to the German bourgeoisie.

.Paul VI

.Paul VI, original name GIOVANNI BATTISTA MONTINI (b. Sept. 26, 1897, Concesio, Italy--d. Aug. 6, 1978, Castel Gandolfo), Italian pope of the Roman Catholic church (reigned 1963-78) during a period including most of the second Vatican Council (1962-65) and the immediate postconciliar era, in which he issued directives and guidance to a changing Roman Catholic church. His pontificate was confronted with the problems and uncertainties of a church facing a new role in the contemporary world.

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich (b. Sept. 26 [Sept. 14, old style], 1849, Ryazan, Russia--d. Feb. 27, 1936, Leningrad [St. Petersburg]), Russian physiologist known chiefly for his development of the concept of the conditioned reflex. In a now classic experiment, he trained a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell, which was previously associated with the sight of food. He developed a similar conceptual approach, emphasizing the importance of conditioning, in his pioneering studies relating human behaviour to the nervous system. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1904 for his work on digestive secretions.

Heidegger, Martin

Heidegger, Martin (b. Sept. 26, 1889, Messkirch, Schwarzwald, Ger.--d. May 26, 1976, Messkirch, W.Ger.), German philosopher, counted among the main exponents of 20th-century Existentialism. He was an original thinker, a critic of technological society, a leading ontologist of his time, and an influence on a younger generation of continental European cultural personalities.

Eliot, T.S.

Eliot, T.S., in full THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT (b. Sept. 26, 1888, St. Louis, Mo., U.S.--d. Jan. 4, 1965, London, Eng.), American-English poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor, a leader of the modernist movement in poetry in such works as The Waste Land (1922) and Four Quartets (1943). Eliot exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. His experiments in diction, style, and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and erected new ones. The publication of Four Quartets led to his recognition as the greatest living English poet and man of letters, and in 1948 he was awarded both the Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Kuprin, Aleksandr Ivanovich

Kuprin, Aleksandr Ivanovich (b. Sept. 7 [Aug. 26, old style], 1870, Narovchat, Russia--d. Aug. 25, 1938, Leningrad), Russian novelist and short-story writer, one of the last exponents of the great tradition of Russian critical realism.

Innocent VENIAMINOV, SAINT

Innocent VENIAMINOV, SAINT, Russian INNOKENTY VENIAMINOV, original name IVAN YEVSEYEVICH VENIAMINOV (b. Sept. 6 [Aug. 26, old style], 1797, Anginskoye, Irkutsk Province, Russian Empire--d. April 12 [March 31, O.S.] 1879, Moscow; canonized Oct. 6, 1977), the most famous Russian Orthodox missionary priest of the 19th century, who later became Metropolitan Innocent of Moscow. He was canonized in the Russian Church.

Tsvetayeva, Marina Ivanovna

Tsvetayeva, Marina Ivanovna, married name MARINA IVANOVNA EFRON (b. Oct. 8 [Sept. 26, Old Style], 1892, Moscow, Russia--d. Aug. 31, 1941, Yelabuga), Russian poet whose verse is distinctive for its staccato rhythms, originality, and directness and who, though little known outside Russia, is considered one of the finest 20th-century poets in the Russian language.